Környezettudományi kutatások Európában Környezetpolitikai aktualitások Dunkel Zoltán Országos Meteorológiai Szolgálat Please, Magda, feel free to change any slides, the order of the slides, to delete or skip some of them and to change the title to adapt it to the wishes of Martin and to harmonise with the other presentation in case it is requested by Martin. I understood from Melae that the idea was to put the stress on the ESSEM Domain, but to also present briefly the NS Cluster and its other Domains. Környezetpolitikai aktualitások Keszthely, 2009. október 26.

Környezetpolitikai aktualitások Keszthely, 2009. október 26. European Cooperation in Science and Technology Európai együttműködés a tudományban és a technikában Please, Magda, feel free to change any slides, the order of the slides, to delete or skip some of them and to change the title to adapt it to the wishes of Martin and to harmonise with the other presentation in case it is requested by Martin. I understood from Melae that the idea was to put the stress on the ESSEM Domain, but to also present briefly the NS Cluster and its other Domains. Környezetpolitikai aktualitások Keszthely, 2009. október 26.

Mi a COST? COST - European COperation in Science and Technology research was the first and is the widest European network for the coordination of nationally funded research activities Strengthen Europe in scientific and technical research for peaceful purposes through the support of cooperation and interaction between European researchers COST kormányközi megállapodáson alapuló együttműködési keretegyezmény, amelynek legfőbb döntéshozó szerve a Miniszteri Konferencia, alapítva 1971-ben COST nem támogatja a kutatást, csak az együttműködést! 1971: 7 téma – meteorológia is 1993 – 2006 17 téma 2006 – 9 téma

A COST Akció célja ACTION = tett, ténykedés, működés, cselekmény, mozgás, per, csata, szerkezet Mindegyik ország és az EU Bizottság javasolhat témát A szerveződés alulró felfelé irányul “Bottom-up” Részvétel önkéntes és tetszőleges, „a la carte” A kutatást a résztvevő ország támogatja EU kutatás hálózatszerű koordinálása, pán-európai Multidiszciplináris Együttműködés formája összehangolt cselekvés: CONCERTED ACTION Nyitott a vállalatok felé, az európai és európai központú szervezetek felé Összpontosít a fiatal kutatókra

36 COST Ország  27 EU Tagállam  EFTA TagokMember States  Ízland  Norvégia  Svájc  Csatlakozott és együttműködő országok  Horvátország  Makedónia (FYROM)  Törökország  Lehetséges Tagjelölt  Bosznia és Hercegovina  Szerbia  COST Együttműködő ország Izrael

COST és a környező országok COST ország COST szomszédos ország Külön költségvetés az együttműködés elősegítésére Egyedi együttműködési lehetőség (Short Term Scientific Missions, különös tekintettel a fiatal kutatókra) Belarus (1) Russia (41) Ukraine (17) Moldova (5) Georgia (5) GEORGIA Albania (1) Armenia (2) Azerbaijan (1) Lebanon (1) Morocco (2) Tunisia (7) TUNISIA Palestinian auth. (1) Algeria (3) Egypt (4) 2009: 90 résztvevő 45 Akcióban

COST Akciók: globális részvétel BELARUS EGYPT ALGERIA TUNISIA GEORGIA SRI LANKA MALAYSIA PAPUA NEW GUINEA Australia (42) Japan (14) Canada (19) New Zealand (26) Russia (41) USA (22) Rep of Korea (6) Algeria (3) India (3) Hong Kong (2) South Africa (4) Cuba (1) Argentina (4) Brazil (3) Vietnam (1) Malaysia (1) Colombia (1) Morocco (2) Palestinian auth. (1) Andorra (1) Egypt (4) Georgia (5) Azerbaijan (1) Ukraine (17) Moldova (5) China (4) Armenia (2) Albania (1) Lebanon (1) Belarus (1) Mexico (1) Pakistan (1) Singapore (1) UAE (1) Tunisia (7) COST ország Szomszéd ország Kölcsönös együttműködés 251 résztvevő intézmény 103 Akcióban (36 ország)

szerzőfés az Európai Bizottsággal, FP7 A COST irányítási és kapcsolatrendszer szerzőfés az Európai Bizottsággal, FP7

A COST Akció felépítése VÉNEK TANÁCS (NEMZETI KOORDINÁTOROK) - CSO COST Tanácsi Titkársága COST Nemzeti Koordinátorok 9 COST szakterületi bizottság -Domain Committees ….. ESSEM …… …….. ……. MC COST Akciók (200+) Action WGs Munkacsoportok …… ~ 30.000 közreműködő kutató Scientific Domain MC = Management Committee WG = Working group

A Domain Committee – témabizottság –(DC) feladada Assessment of proposals in the Open Call Reviewing and rating of Preliminary Proposals Hearings and Ranking of Full Proposals Participation in establishing final selection Monitoring of Actions in progress “Progress Report” submitted every year by Actions Presentation by the Action Chair at Annual Review Meeting (ARM) and advising the COST Office on budget Evaluation of completed Actions Peer review by the Evaluation Panel Approval of the “Evaluation Report”

Mit támogat a COST? - COST Actions: Researchers from min. 5 participating COST countries having a joint work programme can be financed for: Science management meetings Scientific workshops, seminars, research conferences Short Term Scientific Missions (STSMs) Training Schools Dissemination Average funding ~100 k€ per year per Action during 4 years - Exploratory/Strategic Workshops: to explore future scientific or societal needs, support policy developments or initiate new activities

A nyilvános felhívás “Open Call” rendszere Pályázási lehetőség évente kétszer A soronkövetkező benyújtási határidők: 26 March 2010 március 10 és 2010 szeptember 20 “Open Call” = szabad témaválasztás Átlátható – kétszintes bírálati rendszer/független bírálat Kiválasztási szempontok nyilvánosak A sikeres akicó-tervek a benyújtás után 9 hónappal kezdhetnek http://www.cost.esf.org/participate/open_call

ESSEM – Domain Description Scope: The domain aims at better understanding, observing, modelling and predicting the Earth system and thereby at improving the management of environmental conditions. Modelling and understanding of Earth systems: physical and biochemical principles Prediction and mitigation of hazards Environmental Management of natural resources and minimising environmental degradation Chair: Prof. Sylvain Joffre (FMI) History: 1971 TC “Meteorology” 1972 TC “Environment” 2006 Domain ESSEM 31 running Actions Present mainly the scope and explain in addition that ESSEM comes from the merging of the 2 Technical Committees Meteorology and Environment in 2006.

ESSEM Domain – Thematic Areas Biodiversity Climate Change Instrumentation networks and technologies Hazards forecasting and detection Hydrology Meteorology and meteorological operational capacities Oceanography Soil processes and land degradation Water, air and soil pollution Sun

Sun Lithosphere and Pedosphere ESSEM Scope Atmosphere Anthroposphere Lithosphere and Pedosphere Hydrosphere and Cryosphere It is still maybe too early to clearly find evidences of the boundary between the Holocene and the Anthropocene, but nevertheless, it is largely acknowledged that disturbances generated by mankind affects all compartments of the Earth System. Further to this observation, the Anthroposhere is more and more recognized as a compartment of the Earth System and studying its interconnections (represented by the dashed lines) with the other compartments lead to multidisciplinary projects. ESSEM fully support such projects. Please note that the Sun-Earth interactions are considered by the Domain as an essential component of the Earth system. Biosphere

ESSEM Actions Portfolio Sun-Earth Interaction ESSEM Actions Portfolio 1 Action Risk Asst - Health 6 Actions Biodiversity Natural Resource Management ES0902 - Permafrost and gas hydrate related methane release in the Arctic and impact on climate change: European cooperation for long-term monitoring: PERGAMON 4 Actions Global Changes Biogeochemical cycles ES0903 - Spectral sampling tools for vegetation Biophysical Parameters and Flux measurements in Europe Meteorology Satellite and Ground-based Remote Sensing 13 Actions Climate System Here is a representation of the portfolio of the Domain and the spreading of the Actions among the different thematics. This representation is more pyramidal as the progress made in Earth System Sciences (basis of the pyramid) directly support any progress in environmental management. The last 3 Actions approved by the CSO are related to the thematics of the Domain. ES0901 - European procedures for flood frequency estimation (FloodFreq) Bio-Meteorology Observing technologies and Networks 3 Actions Atmospheric Chemistry Ice Monitoring Geology 1 Action Soils Sciences Hydrology Geodesy Marine Sciences Soil Erosion

Néhány sikeres ESSEM Akicó

First Success Story: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) from COST Action 70 The first COST Action was launched in 1970 by the Technical Committee on Meteorology. This first Action led to the first COST success story with the establishment of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) (5-10 days meteo forecast).

Success story – COST 725 Establishing a European Phenological Data Platform (hosted by EUMETNET) for Climatological Applications Cause colourful auroras INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS genes, age ATMOSPHERE Weather (current and last season) and climate – micro-meso-macro scale local and, gases, light, photoperiod, pollutants SOIL temperature, nutrients, water, flora & fauna BIOSPHERE diseases, pests, competition Weather and climate play an important role in plant development This Action just ended in February 2009. They harmonised accross EU the methods and protocols to collect phenological data as well as the existing databases. They developed an important (in terms of number of historical records and observations) platform which is hosted now by EUMETNET. Note: Phenology is the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate.

Success story COST 725 work was recognized by IPPC: European reference data set of phenological observations Cause colourful auroras Evidence of Climate Changes in Europe On basis of this phenological platform, they found evidences of climate changes in Europe and their impacts on fauna and flora. Their work was recognized by IPCC and cited in the last IPCC report. They are now in charge of one GEO scientific task in order to share with the international community their findings and experience. IPCC, AR4, WG II report, chapter 1 - page 113: Box 1.3. “Phenological responses to climate in Europe: the COST725 project”.

Futó ESSEM Akciók

Jan Willem Erisman, ECN, The Netherlands COST Action 729 Assessing and Managing Nitrogen Fluxes in the Atmosphere-Biosphere System in EU Jan Willem Erisman, ECN, The Netherlands The main objective of the Action is to advance the understanding and quantification of atmosphere-biosphere nitrogen fluxes in Europe in relation to the main economic sectors. The Action will build a scientific basis for strategies to reduce the environmental impacts of nitrogen. This Action is quite active and already successful as last year: The Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN) was formed under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution under the umbrella of the UN Economic Commission for Europe to start political developments. The member states support this process a.o. through the Cost Action. 2 Science and one Nature publications they developed a tool for citizens, politicians and decision makers to forecast (for example by 2030) the effects of decisions related to land use, agricultural practices, etc.

COST 734: Evaluation of POSSIBLE IMPACTS from climate change and variability on AGRICULTURE and the assessment of critical thresholds for various European areas Agriculture potential expands northward and to higher elevation Warmer temperatures increase growing season More crop damage by pests due to greater numbers and increased winter survival Decreased winter cold injury Introduction of new crops suited to longer warmer growing season Hotter, drier summers increase requirements for irrigation: where water supply is limited productivity is reduced Longer grazing season Water well Water springs may delay planting Drier summers reduce fungal disease The Action is not finished yet and they have published one year ago with WMO (World Meteorological Organisation) a book entitled: Survey of agrometeorological practices and applications in EU regarding climate change impacts.

COST ES0802: Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in atmospheric research (end: 2012) Unmanned aerial systems (plane, sensor, antenna, data transmission, ground station) are of large and increasing importance for environmental monitoring (focus on monitoring of the atmospheric boundary layer and the underlying surface) They offer cost-efficient data acquisition in remote and dangerous regions. The Action will develop prototypes for a European fleet. Legal aspects related to safe and permanent operations.

ES0902 Permafrost and gas hydrate related methane release in the Arctic and impact on climate change: PERGAMON (End 2013) Keywords: Arctic, terrestrial and oceanic methane release, Permafrost, gas hydrate, climate warming. Soloviev, 1999 Potential Gas Hydrate To quantify the methane input from marine and terrestrial sources into the atmosphere in the Arctic region To evaluate the impact of Arctic methane seepage on global climate. To implement a EU cooperation for a long-term monitoring. WG3 Methane fluxes from the terrestrial environment (wetlands, tundra, Arctic lakes), and remote and land-based atmospheric methane monitoring (ex. GOSAT) WG4 Data compilation, integration and organization of data distribution among the scientific community

Other ongoing Actions (1/2) Climate Change ES0604 - Atmospheric Water Vapour in the Climate System Observing Systems and Networks ES0702 - European ground-based observations of essential variables for climate and operational meteorology Environment & Health, Biometeorology 726 - Long term changes and climatology of UV radiation over Europe => important database on cloud coverage Marine Sciences 735 - Tools for assessing Global air–sea fluxes of climate and air pollution relevant gases => strong interaction with SOLAS ES0801 - The Ocean Chemistry of Bioactive Trace Elements and Paleoclimate Proxies

Other ongoing Actions (2/2) Biogeochemical Cycles ES0804 - Advancing the integrated monitoring of trace gas exchange between biosphere and atmosphere Biosphere, Ecology ES0805 - The Terrestrial Biosphere in the Earth System Geodesy ES0701 - Improved Constraints on Models of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Air Quality ES0603 - Assessment of production, release, distribution and health impact of allergenic pollen in Europe => in MACC, PROMOTE

Examples of strategic activities The Domain Committee has strong relationships with EC, EEA, ESA, ESF, EUMETNET, GMES, GEO/GEOSS, WMO ESF-COST High-Level Research Conference on Complex Systems and Changes (I): “Water and Life” – 29-31 October 2008, Taormina, Sicily, Italy. COST Exploratory Workshops - The Energy-Water Nexus: Managing the Links between Energy and Water for a Sustainable Future. 19-21 January 2009, Brussels and 8-10 June 2009, Brussels. In collaboration with The Australian National University (ANU), Dr Karen Hussey, Chair ANU Water Initiative. Joint ESF/COST Frontiers of Science initiative RESCUE: Responses to Environmental and Societal Challenges for Our Unstable Earth. KO meeting on 10-11 September 2009, Paris with the participation of Professor Coleen Vogel (University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg). ESF-COST High-Level Research Conference on “Marine Biotechnology: Future Challenges”, 20-25 June 2010, Acquafredda di Maratea, Italy. Deadline for application: 28 March 2010 Some examples of strategic activities supported by ESSEM: Strong relationships with EC, EU Environmental Agency, EU Space Agency, ESF, EU Network of Meteorological Services (EUMETNET), EC/ESA Joint initiative « Global Monitoring for Environment and Security », the Group on Earth Observation (GEO), World Meteorological Organisation Past conference in Taormina Water and Energy Links initiative – Series of workshops to identify the state of the art and the gaps in research in order to better manage the links btw water and energy for a sustainable future. Outcome: special issue in international peer-reviewed journal and a side event at COP15 (UN Climate Change Conference Copenhague, 7-18 December 2009). Joint ESF/COST Frontiers of Science initiative RESCUE: Responses to Environmental and Societal Challenges for Our Unstable Earth. The KO meeting is this week. Large participation of ESSEM. Prof. Coleen Vogel from SA is a participant in the initiative. In the pipeline, next ESF/COST HL Conference.

Nyári iskola 734-es Akció keretében (SUMMER SCHOOL, TRAINING SCHOOL) Helyi COST esemény „ez itt a reklám helye” Nyári iskola 734-es Akció keretében (SUMMER SCHOOL, TRAINING SCHOOL) VOLOS 2009, KESZTHELY 2010 1) climate variability (data processing, reanalysis, time series, stochastis techniques, etc.) 2) climate change (GCM, scenarios, downscaling, climate forecasting) 3) Agroclimatic indices, models, estimation of hazard, remote sensing techniques 4) Introduction to agricultural impacts and adaptation measures . Some examples of strategic activities supported by ESSEM: Strong relationships with EC, EU Environmental Agency, EU Space Agency, ESF, EU Network of Meteorological Services (EUMETNET), EC/ESA Joint initiative « Global Monitoring for Environment and Security », the Group on Earth Observation (GEO), World Meteorological Organisation Past conference in Taormina Water and Energy Links initiative – Series of workshops to identify the state of the art and the gaps in research in order to better manage the links btw water and energy for a sustainable future. Outcome: special issue in international peer-reviewed journal and a side event at COP15 (UN Climate Change Conference Copenhague, 7-18 December 2009). Joint ESF/COST Frontiers of Science initiative RESCUE: Responses to Environmental and Societal Challenges for Our Unstable Earth. The KO meeting is this week. Large participation of ESSEM. Prof. Coleen Vogel from SA is a participant in the initiative. In the pipeline, next ESF/COST HL Conference.

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