The “bottomless pit” effect – An analysis of tourism development funding in the Ormánság Csapó, J. – Marton, G. – Szabó, K. University of Pécs Faculty of Sciences Institute of Geography Department of Tourism

Introduction • Analyse the tourism development supports and their regional impacts (2004-) • it is very important to receive grants and funding from the EU (or other sources) but it is also significant to measure how these sources were utilised and whether any changes were experienced from 2004 or not. • Our preconception is that hardly any positive processes can be experienced in the researched area either from social or from economic respect. • Our paper and conference lecture tries to prove or reject this concept of the Ormánság being a “bottomless pit”.

1. The Ormánság • An etnographical region at the Hungarian-Croatian border area. • hectares • 52 settlements • inhabitants • Economical pheriphery… • Demographical stress… • Disadvantageous positions…

2. The area of the Ormánság Source: Losonci, J. and Marton, G., 2008.

• The Ormánság is a landscape unit with numerous outstanding tourism endowments: • its natural environment involves several potential resources, which can be exploited by the tourism industry. • The territory is considered to be one of Hungary’s external peripheries, therefore bears the characteristics of the social as well as the economic margin. • • The volume of tourism – as an economic branch – is realised on a much lower level than that of the potentials derived from the resources. • One of the foundations of the region’s economic development is represented by the conscious improvement of tourism, which is based on the natural resources of the area.

3. The tourism potential • The basis is the enviromental heritage • Inviolate values: waters, forest, animals… • National park, Ramsari areas, Natura 2000… • Active tourism !!! • Cultural heritage (only complementary!) • Local gastronomy, buildings, religions… BUT, the territory: • With unutilised sources! • Without innovative investment! • Without general development!

Protected areas (Ramsari, Natura 2000, National Park, National Ecological network)

Source: Marton, G The GE type tourism portfolio of the Ormánság

4. The tourism supply Source: Losonci, J. and Marton, G. The spatial allocation of the accommodations

• Accommodations • Approximately at 15 settlements • Capacity around 500 beds Guests (person) Number of visitors Hunters Anglers Cruisers8700 Water sports1600 Hikers Cyclists500 Waterside holidays16200 Total No. of visitors Number of tourists Total No. of Guests Source: primary research, Marton, G.

5. The tourism demand

Average: 1465 tourist/year!!!

6. Investments in tourism • Analysed planning periods: • Széchenni Plan ( ) • NDPI ( ) • NDP II (New Hungary Development Plan) ( ) • NSZP (New Széchenyi Plan) ( ) • Support sources for tourism: • Széchenyi Plan • ROP • AVOP (agricultural and rural development fund) • IPA • Leader

NAME OF THE PROGRAMMEYEARSUPPORTLOCATION Dráva I millió HUFGyékényes, Csurgó, Nagyatád, Sellye, Kovácshida és Babócsa Duna-Dráva Nemzeti Park Dráva II millió HUFBerzence, Diósviszló, Harkány, Barcs (Drávaszentes), Őrtilos és Porrogszentkirály Dráva III ,5 millió HUFZákányfalu, Drávaiványi, Siklós, Tésenfa, Ipacsfa és Drávacsepely településeken túraállomások, Túronyban és Siklóson lovastúra- állomások, Zákány községben kilátótorony és esőbeálló épül. DDOP 2.1.1/E.F-12-k1 Komplex turisztikai termékcsomagok kialakítása Szaporca Duna-Dráva Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság "ŐS-DRÁVA ÖKOTURISZTIKAI LÁTOGATÓKÖZPONT ÉS BEMUTATÓHELY CÚN-SZAPORCÁN" 2014-re1,04 milliárd HUFSzaporca

„Ifjúsági szálláshely kialakítása a Termálfürdő területén” HUFSellye AVOP 3.1 Vidéki jövedelemszerzési lehetőségek bővítése Okorág Okorköz-Farm Mezőgazdasági, Kereskedelmi és Szolgáltató Kft. Okorköz-Farm Kft. falusi szálláshely fejlesztése HUFOkorág IPA Regional Tourism Product Plan of the Hungary-Croatia IPA Cross-border Co-operation Programme ,00 € HUF Leader Ormánságtól a Szársomlyóig Akciócsoport 520 millió HUF Sellyei termálfürdő HUFSellye TOTAL 2,888,763,502 HUF

7. Results • Very low tendering acitivity at the Ormánság • Hectic tourism demand • Increase can only be detected at the private accommodations • At a very low level • So there is no correlation between the impacts of tourism supports and the results of commercial accommodations • Low number of population – relatively high amount of tourism supply – low values of tourism incomce and development • There is no breakthrough yet • due to the lack of uniform development concept and not adequate product development

• Product development is not demand based! • Top-bottom development • Cultural attractions only do not mean an independent tourism attraction (even though several sources, scientific papers declare this) • Social lack of tourism catering and hospitality • Local population not ready for tourism • Lack of infrastructure and tourism infrastructure • Which are not taken into consideration at the developments • „Ormánság” with a negative image • Total lack of marketing

• Our preconception that hardly any positive processes can be experienced in the researched area from the point of view of tourism supports and their impacts has been proved. • Still a „bottomless pit”…

Thank you very much for your kind attention!

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