FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD c. egyetemi docens Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem Gépészmérnöki Kar Energetikai Gépek és Rendszerek Tanszék ENERGETIKA GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD c. egyetemi docens FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

QUESTION ENUMERATE THE SEVEREST GLOBAL PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF ENERGETICS AND CONNECTED WITH ENERGETICS (primary energy supply, energy sources, power generation, heat generation, energy consumption, energy transmission, energy transport, etc.) (the severest five problems in order of importance) FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

ENUMERATED GLOBAL PROBLEMS Global warming, climate change (and its consequences) Environmental loading (environmental pollution) Exhaustion of energy resources (natural gas, oil, etc.) Unequal distribution of energy resources Energy poverty Nuclear proliferation FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

ENVIRONMENTAL LOADING (POLLUTION) Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as a point source or a nonpoint source pollution. FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

FORMS OF POLLUTION I. Air pollution: the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Photochemical ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight. Particulate matter, or fine dust is characterized by their micrometre size Light pollution: includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference. FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

FORMS OF POLLUTION II. Littering: the criminal throwing of inappropriate man-made objects, unremoved, onto public and private properties. Noise pollution: which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar. Soil contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage. Among the most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

FORMS OF POLLUTION III. Radioactive contamination, resulting from 20th century activities in atomic physics, such as nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons research, manufacture and deployment. (See alpha emitters and actinides in the environment.) Thermal pollution, is a temperature change in natural water bodies caused by human influence, such as use of water as coolant in a power plant. Visual pollution, which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, motorway billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of trash, municipal solid waste or space debris. FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

FORMS OF POLLUTION IV. Water pollution, by the discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial waste (intentionally or through spills) into surface waters; discharges of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical contaminants, such as chlorine, from treated sewage; release of waste and contaminants into surface runoff flowing to surface waters (including urban runoff and agricultural runoff, which may contain chemical fertilizers and pesticides); waste disposal and leaching into groundwater; eutrophication and littering. Plastic pollution: involves the accumulation of plastic products in the environment that adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat, or humans. FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

POSSIBLE CONFLICTS FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

POSSIBLE CONFLICTS FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

POSSIBLE CONFLICTS FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

EXHAUTION OF ENERGY SOURCES FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

WORLD OIL PRODUCTIONOIL PRODUCTION FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

ENERGY SECURITY Energy security is the association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

ENERGY SECURITY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and technological diversification of energy sources, would result in significant energy security and economic benefits.[1] FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY RESOURCES FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

DISTRIBUTION OF INCOMES AND WEALTH FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

WORLD’S PRIVATE CONSUMPTION FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

WATER SCARCITY FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

(TWO MESAURES, ACTIONS BY PROBLEMS) QUESTION GIVE THE MOST IMPORTANT MESAURES, ACTIONS IN ORDER TO ELIMINATE THESE PROBLEMS! (TWO MESAURES, ACTIONS BY PROBLEMS) FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, is anchored in the Nobel laureate Amartya Sen’s work on human capabilities, often framed in terms of whether people are able to “be” and “do” desirable things in life,[1] and was published by the United Nations Development Programme.[2] FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

ENERGY POVERTY FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

ENERGY POVERTY Energy poverty is lack of access to modern energy services. It refers to the situation of large numbers of people in developing countries whose well-being is negatively affected by very low consumption of energy, use of dirty or polluting fuels, and excessive time spent collecting fuel to meet basic needs. It is inversely related to access to modern energy services, although improving access is only one factor in efforts to reduce energy poverty. Energy poverty is distinct from fuel poverty, which focuses solely on the issue of affordability. FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also known as the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty or NPT. FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK

NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION FAZEKAS ANDRÁS ISTVÁN PhD | ENERGETIKA | EN_M057 GLOBÁLIS PROBLÉMÁK